What is amenorrhea and what are its causes?

Amenorrhea means the absence of menstruation and not the occasional anomaly in your cycle that can manifest itself as a delay or missing period.The menstrual cycle occurs due to hormonal fluctuations and interactions. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) are produced by the brain and send signals to the ovaries, where the hormones estrogen and progesterone are produced.

Amenorrhea is categorized into primary and secondary.In the first category we are talking about the absence of a period until the age of 15, while in the second case we are talking about the absence of a period in a woman who, while she has started having a period normally, has had it for more than 6 months without any physiological reason.

In primary amenorrhea the causes can be:

– Chromosomal disorders

– Hypothalamic insufficiency

– Impervious hymen

– Mullerian agenesis (absence of uterus or vagina)

In secondary amenorrhea the causes are found in:

– Endocrine disorders of the thyroid, adrenal glands, hypothalamus and pituitary gland

– Excessive stress, vigorous exercise, use of certain medications, weight loss, malnutrition, eating disorders.

– Problems in reproductive structures of the pelvis (eg surgical removal)

The term is not used when a woman is pregnant, nursing or entering menopause.Diagnosing amenorrhea begins with a complete health history. A medical professional will review with you your menstrual history, pregnancy history, medical history, family history, surgical history, medications, and certain lifestyle factors. Specific hormones will also be studied in depth.

Treatment

Treatment can range from medication, surgery, lifestyle and dietary changes to counseling to reduce stress and specific referrals to health professionals such as a nutritionist, physiotherapist, psychiatrist, gynecologist, endocrinologist.Many women may occasionally miss a period. If you are worried about missing your period, contact your gynecologist immediately.